- Title:
- Effect of PM10/PM2.5 on fog in recent years over Indira Gandhi international, airport new Delhi
- Author:
Aditi Singh*, Mahes Kumar
- Author Affiliation:
Atmospheric Science Department, Ministry of Earth Sciences, New Delhi, India
- Received:Jun.1, 2023
- Accepted:Jul.7, 2023
- Published:Jul.18, 2023
Fog, air pollution, urban, temperature, humidity.
[1] Gultepe, I., Tardif, R., Michaelides, S., Cermak, J., Bott, A., Bendix, J. and Jacobs, W. (2007). Fog research: A review of past achievements and future perspectives. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 164(6–7), 1121–1159. DOI: 10.1007/s00024-007-0211-x
[2] Boutle, I., Price, J., Kudzotsa, I., Kokkola, H., and Romakkaniemi, S. (2018). Aerosol–fog interaction and the transition to well‐mixed radiation fog. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 18(11), 7827–7840. DOI: 10.5194/acp-18-7827-2018
[3] Poku, C., Ross, A. N., Blyth, A. M., Hill, A. A., and Price, J. D. (2019). How important are aerosol–fog interactions for the successful modelling of nocturnal radiation fog? Weather 74, 237–243. DOI: 10.1002/wea.3503
[4] Srivastava, S.K., Sharma, A. R. and Sachdeva, K. (2016). A ground observation-based climatology of winter fog: Study over the Indo-Gangetic Plains, India. Int. J. Environ. Ecol. Eng. 7, 742–753
[5] Corell, D., Estrela, M. J., Valiente, J. A., Azorin-Molina, C., and Chen, D. (2020). Influences of synoptic situation and teleconnections on fog-water collection in the Mediterranean Iberian Peninsula, 2003–2012. Int J Climatol 40(7):3297–3317. DOI: 10.1002/joc.6398
[6] Sugimoto, S., Sato, T. and Nakamura, K. (2013). Effects of synoptic scale control on long-term declining trends of summer fog frequency over the Pacific side of Hokkaido Island. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 52, 2226–2242. DOI: 10.1175/jamc-d-12-0192.1
[7] Gu, Y., Kusaka, H., Doan, V. Q. and Tan, J. (2019). Impacts of urban expansion on fog types in Shanghai, China: numerical experiments by WRF model. Atmospheric Research, 220, 57–74. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2018.12.026
[8] Maurer, M., Klemm, O., Lokys, H. L. and Lin, N. H. (2019). Trends of fog and visibility in Taiwan: climate change or air quality improvement? Aerosol Air Quality Research 19, 896–910. DOI: 10.4209/aaqr.2018.04.0152
[9] Hu, S., Zhang, W., Turner, A. G. and Sun, J. (2020). How does El Nino-Southern Oscillation affect winter fog frequency over eastern China? Climate Dynamics 54(1):1043–1056. DOI: 10.1007/s00382-019-05043-1
[10] Bokwa, A., Wypych, A., and Hajto, M. J. (2018). Impact of natural and anthropogenic factors on fog frequency and variability in Krakow, Poland in the years 1966–2015. Aerosol Air Qual Res 18, 165–177. DOI: 10.4209/aaqr.2016.12.0580
[11] Lee, T. F. (1987). Urban clear islands in California central valley fog. Mon Weather Rev 115, 1794–1796. DOI: 10.1175/1520-0493(1987)115<1794:uciicc>2.0.co;2
[12] Gautam, R., Singh, M. K. (2018). Urban heat island over Delhi punches holes in widespread fog in the Indo-Gangetic Plains. Geophys Res Lett. 45, 1114–1121. DOI: 10.1002/2017gl076794
[13] Gu, Y., Kusaka, H., and Tan, J. (2019). Impacts of urban expansion on fog types in Shanghai, China: numerical experiments by WRF model. Atmos Res 220, 57–74. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2018.12.026
[14] Niu, F., Li, Z., Li, C., Lee, K. H., and Wang, M. (2010). Increase of wintertime fog in China: potential impacts of weakening of the Eastern Asian monsoon circulation and increasing aerosol loading. J Geophys Res Atmos 115(D7). DOI: 10. 1029/ 2009J D0134 84.
[15] Jenamani, R. K. (2007). Alarming rise in fog and pollution causing a fall in maximum temperature over Delhi. Current Science,93, 314–322.
[16] Jenamani, R.K. (2012). Development of intensity-based fog climatological information system (daily and hourly) at IGI airport, New Delhi for use in fog forecasting and aviation. Mausam, 63, 89–112. DOI: 10.54302/mausam.v63i1.1459
[17] Syed, F.S., Körnich, H. and Tjernström, M. (2012). On the fog variability over South Asia. Climate Dynamics, 39, 2993–3005. DOI: 10.1007/s00382-012-1414-0
[18] Srivastava, S.K., Sharma, A.R. and Sachdeva, K. (2016). A ground observation-based climatology of winter fog: study over the Indo-Gangetic Plains, India. International Journal of Environmental, Chemical, Ecological, Geological and Geophysical Engineering, 10, 705–716
[19] Ghude, S.D., Bhat, G.S., Prabhakaran, T., Jenamani, R.K., Chate, D. M., Safai, P.D., Karipot, A.K., Konwar, M., Pithani, P., Sinha, V., Rao, P.S.P., Dixit, S.A., Tiwari, S., Todekar, K., Varpe, S., Srivastava, A.K., Bisht, D.S., Murugavel, P., Ali, K., Mina, U., Dharua, M., Rao, J., Padmakumari, B., Hazra, A., Nigam, N., Shende, U., Lal, D.M., Chandra, B.P., Mishra, A.K., Kumar, A., Hakkim, H., Pawar, H., Acharja, P., Kulkarni, R., Subharthi, C., Balaji, B., Varghese, M., Bera, S. and Rajeevan, M. (2017). Winter fog experiment over the IndoGangetic plains of India. Current Science, 112.
[20] Shrestha, S., Moore, G. A. and Peel, M. C. (2018). Trends in winter fog events in the Terai region of Nepal. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 259, 118–130. DOI: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.04.018
[21] Hingmire, D., Vellore, R. K., Krishnan, R., Ashtikar, N. V., Singh, B. B., Sabade, S. and Madhura, R. K. (2019). Widespread fog over the Indo-Gangetic Plains and possible links to boreal winter teleconnections. Climate Dynamics, 52, 5477–5506. DOI: 10.1007/s00382-018-4458-y
[22] Kutty, S. G., Dimri, A. P. and Gultepe, I. (2019). Climatic trends in fog occurrence over the Indo-Gangetic plains. International Journal of Climatology, 40, 2048–2061. DOI: 10.1002/joc.6317
[23] Gunturu, U. B. and Kumar, V. (2021). Weakened baroclinic activity causes an abrupt rise in fog in the indo-gangetic plain. Geophysical Research Letters, 48. DOI: 10.1029/2021gl096114
[24] Dimri, A. (2013). Relationship between enso phases with northwest India winter precipitation. International Journal of Climatology, 33, 1917–1923. DOI: 10.1002/joc.3559
[25] Tripathi, S. N., Tare, V., Chinman, N., Srivastava, A. K. and Dey, S. (2006). Measurements of atmospheric parameters during Indian Space Research Organization Geosphere Biosphere Programme Land Campaign II at a typical location in the Ganga basin: 1. Physical and optical properties. J. Geophys. Res. 111: D23209. DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007278
[26] Gautam, R., Hsu, N. C., Kafatos, M. and Tsay, S. C. (2007). Influences of winter haze on fog/low cloud over the Indo-Gangetic plains. J. Geophys. Res. 112: D05207. DOI: 10.1029/2005jd007036
[27] Mehta, B., Venkataraman, C., Bhushan, M. and Tripathi, S. N. (2009). Identification of sources affecting fog formation using receptor modeling approaches and inventory estimates of sectoral emissions. Atmos. Environ. 43, 1288–1295. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.11.041
[28] Mohan, M. and Payra, S. (2014). Aerosol number concentrations and visibility during dense fog over a subtropical urban site. J. Nanomater. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/495457. DOI: 10.1155/2014/495457
[29] Safai, P. D. and Co-authors (2019). Two-way relationships between aerosol and fog – A case study at IGI airport, New Delhi, Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 19, 71-79. DOI: 10.4209/aaqr.2017.11.0542
[30] Beig, G., Chate, D. M., Sahu, S. K., Parkhi, N. S., Srinivas, R., and Ali K. (2015). System of air quality forecasting and research (SAFAR India).
[31] Beig, G., Sahu, S. K., Singh, V., Tikle, S., Sobhana, S. B., Gargeva, P., et al (2020). Objective evaluation of stubble emission of North India and quantifying its impact on air quality of Delhi. Sci Total Environ 709:136126. DOI: 10. 1016/j. scito tenv. 2019. 136126.
[32] Tiwari, S., Srivastava, A. K., Bisht, D. S., Bano, T., Singh, S., Behura, S., Srivastava, M. K., Chate, D. M. and Padmanabhamurty, B. (2009). Black Carbon and Chemical Characteristics of PM10 and PM2.5 at an Urban Site of North India. J. Atmos. Chem. 62, 193–209. DOI: 10.1007/s10874-010-9148-z
[33] Gupta, P. K., Singh, K., Dixit, C. K., Singh, N., Sharma, C., Sahai, S., Jha, A. K., Singh, D. P., Tiwari, M. K. and Garg, S. C (2007). Spatial Distribution in Aerosol Mass and Size Characteristics between Delhi and Hyderabad during Land Campaign in February 2004. Indian J. Radio Space Phys. 36: 576–581
[34] Srivastava, S. K., Sharma, A. R. and Sachdeva, K. (2017). An observation-based climatology and forecasts of winter fog in Ghaziabad, India. Weather, 72, 16–22. DOI: 10.1002/wea.2743
[35] India Meteorological Department. 1982.Weather Codes. IMD: Pune, India.
[36] Jaswal, A. and Koppar, A. (2013). Climatology and trends in nearsurface wind speed over India during 1961–2008. Mausam, 64, 417–436. DOI: 10.54302/mausam.v64i3.725
[37] Yan, S., Zhu, B., Huang, Y., Zhu, J., Kang, H., Lu, C. and Zhu, T. (2020) To what extents do urbanization and air pollution affect fog? Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 20, 5559–5572. DOI: 10.5194/acp-20-5559-2020