Volume 2, Issue 1, No.2 PDF DOWNLOAD
  • Title:
  • Inclusive democratic education: a question of social discrimination and inaccessible pedagogical training
  • Author:

    Diego Bernaschina

  • Author Affiliation:

    Independent Scholar, Santiago, Chile

  • Received:Apr.11, 2024
  • Accepted:Apr.30, 2024
  • Published:May.17, 2024
Abstract
This paper is dedicated to trying to reestablish a literature review on the issue of human rights with disabilities through social theory in inclusive democratic education, taking as a reference the main scenarios in the 21st century to carry out the restructuring related to the proposal on the constitutional bases of policy for school education (special, public, private and mixed school) and higher education (university and professional institute), especially non-discrimination and inaccessibility of teaching and non-teaching trainers with disabilities. This aim is to know and redesign the new characteristics to discuss human values and to guarantee explicit access —remove barriers— through legal and social system implementation, depending on the awareness of inclusive democracy in general education. Rather, of the social ethics of human rights in different perspectives (advantage and disadvantage) in the liberal interpretation and educational multicultural democratization. In addition, there is a comparison in the educational system related to inclusive democracy and accessible vocational training, including with the constitutional bases of policy. And consequently, the new features on vocational training with disabilities through inclusive education and human rights topics. Finally, there is no broad recognition to support and legitimize the defense of the rights to job accessibility in different professional fields, both public and private institutions for all-inclusive teachers and non-teachers, including professional women with disabilities.
Keywords

Educational policy, democracy, disability, human rights, general theory.

References

[1] G. Saura, J-L. Muñoz-Moreno, J. Luengo-Navas, and J-M. Martos-Ortega, “Protesting on twitter: Citizenship and empowerment from public education,” Comunicar, vol. 25, no. 53, pp. 39–48, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3916/C53-2017-04.

[2] T. Evans, “If democracy, then human rights?” Third World Quarterly, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 623-642, 2001, https://doi.org/10.1080/01436590120071812.

[3] S. Peters, C. Johnstone and P. Ferguson, “A Disability Rights in Education Model for evaluating inclusive education,” International Journal of Inclusive Education, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 139-160, 2005, https://doi.org/10.1080/1360311042000320464

[4] A. Moriña, “Inclusive education in higher education: challenges and opportunities,” European Journal of Special Needs Education, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 3-17, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2016.1254964. 

[5] A. M. Hayes and J. Bulat, Disabilities inclusive education systems and policies guide for low￾and middle-income countries, RTI Press, 2017. https://doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2017.op.0043.1707.

[6] UNESCO, The right to education for persons with disabilities, 2019, https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000371249.

[7] UNESCO, Training manual for the meaningful inclusion of persons with disabilities, 2021, https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000380382.

[8] UNESCO, The right to higher education for people with disabilities: briefing note compendium, 2023, https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000387672.

[9] UNESCO, Violence and bullying in educational settings: the experience of children and young people with disabilities, 2021, https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000378061.

[10] UNESCO, Welcoming learners with disabilities in quality learning environments: a tool to support countries in moving towards inclusive education, 2021, https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000380256.

[11] UNESCO, The Salamanca Statement and Framework for Action on Special Needs Education, 1994, https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000098427.

[12] G. Lindsay, “Inclusive education: a critical perspective,” British journal of special education, vol. 30, no 1, pp. 3-12, 2003, https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8527.00275.

[13] C. Skliar, “Should differences be included?” Orientacion y Sociedad, no. 8, pp. 1-16, 2008, https://revistas.unlp.edu.ar/OrientacionYSociedad/article/view/8278.

[14] A. Paya Rico, “Inclusive education policies in latin america proposals, realities and future challenges,” Revista de educación inclusiva, (in Spanish), vol. 3, no 2, pp. 125-142, 2010, https://revistaeducacioninclusiva.es/index.php/REI/article/view/209.

[15] D. Bernaschina, “Absence of inclusive mediation for students and teachers with sensory disabilities in public-private schools in Chile,” Foro Educacional, vol. 41, pp. 47-78, 2023, https://doi.org/10.29344/07180772.41.3363.

[16] T. Fotopoulos Towards an Inclusive Democracy: The Crisis of the Growth Economy and the Need for a New Liberatory Project. Cassell: London. 1997. 

[17] D. Freeman, “Inclusive Democracy and its Prospects,” Democracy & Nature, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 359-371, 2003, https://doi.org/10.1080/1085566032000159991.

[18] Y. Waghid, Pedagogy Out of Bounds Untamed Variations of Democratic Education. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, 2014. 

[19] J. M. Halstead and M. J. Taylor. Values in education and education in values. London: Routledge, 2005.

[20] J. Agrawal, “Education system according to Mahatma Gandhi,” JEEV, vol. 2, no. 7, pp. 33–42, 2023, http://jeev.innovascience.uz/index.php/jeev/article/view/154.

[21] K. T. Phukan. “The Educational Philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi and It's Necessity on Present Context,” Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Science, vol. 9, no. 12, pp. 16-18, 2021, https://www.questjournals.org/jrhss/papers/vol9-issue12/Ser-4/C09121618.pdf.

[22] A. Ruiz Massieu, “Importance of Human Values in Education,” Daena: International Journal of Good Conscience, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 345-356, 2017, http://www.spentamexico.org/v12-n3/A21.12(3)345-356.pdf.

[23] J. Romañach and M. Lobato, “Functional diversity, a new term in the struggle for dignity in the diversity of the human being,” in Independent Living Forum. Valencia, Spain: European Network on Independent Living, 2005. https://disability-studies.leeds.ac.uk/wp￾content/uploads/sites/40/library/zavier-Functional-Diversity-Romanach.pdf.

[24] M. Hannon, “The Disability Discrimination Act - Protection against Discrimination in the Provision of Education,” Law in Context, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 28-53, 2000, https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/ielapa.145778088147188.

[25] L. Rothstein, “Higher Education and Disability Discrimination: A Fifty-Year Retrospective,” Journal of College and University Law, vol. 36, pp. 843-874, 2010, https://ssrn.com/abstract=1653466.

[26] A. E. Beckett, “Anti-oppressive pedagogy and disability: possibilities and challenges,” Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 76–94, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1080/15017419.2013.835278.

[27] A. E. Beckett and L. Buckner “Promoting positive attitudes towards disabled people: definition of, rationale and prospects for anti-disablist education,” Journal of Sociology of Education, vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 873-891, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1080/01425692.2012.692046.

[28] R. M. Mujica, “The methodology of human rights education,” (in Spanish), Revista IIDH, vol. 36, pp. 341-364, 2002, https://www.cdhpuebla.org.mx/images/stories/diplomados/Lectura15_metodologia_educacion_derechos_humanos.pdf.

[29] E. Areiza Lozano, “Quality education from the perspective of human rights,” (in Spanish), Sophia, vol.14 no. 2, pp. 15-23, 2018. https://doi.org/10.18634/sophiaj.14v.2i.778.

[30] L. B. Perry, “Conceptualizing Education Policy in Democratic Societies,” Educational Policy, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 423-450, 2009, https://doi.org/10.1177/0895904807310032.

[31] C. I. Massini, “Multiculturalism and human rights. Liberal proposals and realistic natural law,” (in Spanish), Persona y Derecho, no. 48, pp. 63-95, 2018, https://doi.org/10.15581/011.31893.

[32] C. I. Massini, “Multiculturalism and human rights. Liberal proposals and realistic natural law,” (in Spanish), Persona y Derecho, no. 48, pp. 63-95, 2018, https://doi.org/10.15581/011.31893.

[33] R. Mardones, “Liberal democratic education: a reading from the beginning of fraternity,” (in Spanish), in Fraternidad y Educación. Un Principio para la Formación Ciudadana y la Convivencia Democrática. R. Mardones, ed. Buenos Aires: Ciudad Nueva, 2012, pp. 243-279, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308035106_Educacion_democratica_liberal_una_lectura_desde_el_principio_de_la_fraternidad.

[34] T. Pantham, “Thinking with Mahatma Gandhi: Beyond Liberal Democracy,” Political Theory, vol. 11, no, 2, pp. 165-188, 1983, https://www.jstor.org/stable/191295.

[35] A. Fairclough, Martin Luther King, Jr., Georgia: University of Georgia Press, 1995.

[36] A. Liasidou “Intersectional understandings of disability and implications for a social justice reform agenda in education policy and practice,” Disability & Society, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 299-312, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1080/09687599.2012.710012.

[37] I. Guldvik, O. P. Askheim and V. Johansen “Political citizenship and local political participation for disabled people,” Citizenship Studies, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 76-91, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1080/13621025.2013.764219.

[38] W. Veck “Hope, disability and inclusive participation in education,” International Journal of Inclusive Education, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 177-195, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2013.764932.

[39] M. Shevlin, M. Kenny and E. Mcneela “Participation in higher education for students with disabilities: an Irish perspective,” Disability & Society, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 15-30, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1080/0968759032000155604.

[40] S. Arduin “A review of the values that underpin the structure of an education system and its approach to disability and inclusion,” Oxford Review of Education, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 105-121, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1080/03054985.2015.1006614.

[41] K. Ballard “Researching disability and inclusive education: participation, construction and interpretation,” Journal of Inclusive Education, vol. 1, vol. 3, pp. 243-256, 1997, https://doi.org/10.1080/1360311970010302.

[42] S. Hunter and C. Cassidy “Teachers and Learning for Sustainability: Rights, democracy and social justice,” Scottish Educational Review, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 7-16, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1163/27730840-05101003.

[43] G. Lindsay, “Inclusive education: a critical perspective,” British journal of special education, vol. 30, no 1, p. 3-12, 2003, https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8527.00275.

Copyright 2018 - 2023 Sanderman Publishing House